Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes & Impact

"You know when you're on the bathroom floor and literally like: 'I can't move.' When it's too late to take the tablets because I'm, like, in it now.” – Leah Williamson

The start of March brings the start of Endometriosis Awareness Month, and we want to take the time to bring our communities focus to this condition that affects 10% of women and those assigned female at birth. In the UK, it is thought that over 1.5 million people from all races, ethnicities, backgrounds and sexualities are living with this condition from puberty to menopause, although impacts can be felt for life. Yet, it is not recognised as a disability, despite the massive affects this condition can have on people’s quality of life.

Throughout this month, we will be bringing out a series of blog posts bringing awareness to Endometriosis, the journey to diagnosis and ways to support those living with the condition.

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where cells similar to those in the lining of the womb grow in other parts of the body. These cells grow and react to hormones in the menstrual cycle, causing inflammation, pain and scar tissue. Typically, Endometriosis is found on the lining of the pelvis and may occur in the ovaries and other pelvic organs, like the bowel or bladder. However, it has also been seen to develop outside of the pelvis, such as in the chest.

There are four different types of Endometriosis, and it is possible to have more than one type. Endometriosis UK classifies them as:

1. Peritoneal (superficial) Endometriosis – found mainly in the pelvic region – a thin film that lines the inner surface of the pelvis and surrounds the pelvic organs.
2. Ovarian Endometriosis (Endometrioma) – Endometriosis cysts are found in the ovaries.
3. Deep Endometriosis – found in locations such as the bladder, bowel and recto-vaginal septum. The lesions of endometriosis are at a deeper level than peritoneal (superficial) endometriosis.
4. Extra-pelvic Endometriosis – Endometriosis is found outside of the pelvis, such as in the chest and caesarean scars.

The effect of this condition is not only physical, but also psychological. With many people suffering from extreme, debilitating pain at least once a month, food intolerances, depression, anxiety and fertility issues as a direct result of endometriosis. For many, the unpredictable nature of the pain can cause anxiety around attending work, social events or exercising. Whilst others are left to question whether they will be able to start a family or be able to live without pain. Even the act of getting a diagnosis is frustrating, with many feeling silenced just trying to find an answer.

Symptoms

Everyone’s experience of Endometriosis is different. For some, they may have severe symptoms which affect their ability to live their life, others may have no symptoms at all. If you are experiencing symptoms that are interfering with your day-to-day life, please speak to your doctor.

Common symptoms include:

• Pelvic pain
• Painful periods that interfere with everyday life
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Pain during or after sex
• Painful bowel movements
• Pain when urinating
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Fatigue, with one of more of the above symptoms
• Significant and painful bloating around the time of your period – this is known as ‘Endo Belly’

Causes

Despite being the second most common gynaecological condition in the UK, and costs the UK economy £8.2bn a year in treatment, loss of work and healthcare costs, there is still no known cause of Endometriosis, and there is no definite cure. That being said, there are currently 4 different causes that are being investigated:

• Retrograde menstruation: Menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity instead of out the body.
• Transformed peritoneal cells: Hormones or immune factors might transform cells that line the inner side of the abdomen into those that line the inside of the uterus.
• Embryonic cell changes: Hormones such as oestrogen may transform embryonic cells into endometrial-like cell growths during puberty.
• Immune system condition: a problem with the immune system may make the body unable to recognise and destroy Endometriosis tissue.
   

We are proud to support Endometriosis UK as one of our chosen charities. Raising awareness and fostering open conversations about Endometriosis is essential in ensuring that those affected feel seen, heard, and supported—both in and out of the workplace.

Throughout March, members of our team will be sharing their personal experiences, insights, and thoughts on Endometriosis, shedding light on its impact and how we can all play a role in creating a more inclusive and supportive work environment. We hope these conversations help to break down stigma, encourage greater understanding, and spark meaningful change.